![]() In both newly tested specimens, the masonry above the opening was supported by a shallow masonry arch. In this paper, experimental outcomes for two as-built specimens are presented and compared with those obtained in the past for another as-built specimen with a wooden lintel above the opening. Those tests were carried out in a static fashion and with displacement control. In the last years, the authors of this paper have performed both monotonic and cyclic in-plane lateral loading tests on full-scale masonry walls with single opening and different spandrel types. Therefore, research on spandrels has received significant attention in some earthquake-prone countries, such as Italy and New Zealand. Seismic codes do not appropriately address modeling and strength verification of spandrels, adapting procedures originally proposed for piers. Seismic response of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings is largely influenced by nonlinear behavior of spandrels, which provide coupling between piers under in-plane lateral actions.
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